In recent years, various architectural decoration projects, such as villas, hotels, clubs, office buildings, business centers and so on, have been more and more decorated with stone. Some of the decoration effects and requirements have already been designed by the professional design department during the construction design of the project. Some of them were decorated only after the completion of the civil works. There is no specific decoration design drawing, especially for the stone parts. As there is no uniform national standard like glass curtain wall and aluminum alloy, and the specific requirements of each customer vary greatly, it is necessary to have both stone expertise and processing technology, as well as engineering technicians who understand the civil works to map according to the site civil works and draw engineering drawings according to the customers requirements and assumptions. This adopted technical language can also meet the technical characteristics of stone processing and achieve the decorative effect required by customers, which is commonly known as stone lofting technology.

First, the basic requirements of lofting personnel

As engineers and technicians in stone lofting, we must first understand the properties of stones, such as different stone varieties, matching and coordination of color patterns, physical and mechanical properties of stones, processing properties, etc. Secondly, we should have certain knowledge and experience in machining technology. Although stone is a brittle material, there are many processes, steps and mechanical processing are very similar. Stone processing is basically the same as the mechanical processing of material preparation, rough grinding, polishing and packaging, except that the equipment and tools used are different. Thirdly, as the technical personnel of stone lofting, they should also have basic knowledge of industrial and civil architecture, and be able to understand construction drawings, structural construction drawings, even plumbing installation, elevation and side construction drawings. Finally, we also need to know the basic methods of stone installation, such as dry hanging or wet pasting, the matching relationship between stone decoration parts and other materials, etc.

1. Visual inspection:

That is, on-site inspection of building entities to determine which dimensions to measure, what to base on, where to measure in detail, what are the important dimensions that must be guaranteed, the surrounding decoration materials and performance, the civil structure of the building, etc., for example, the lofting of a rotating staircase, is first determined by on-site observation:

( 1 ) the position of the center of the circle

( 2 ) the starting and ending coordinates of the arc

( 3 ) Projection radius

( 4 ) projection arc length

( 5 ) the elevation of each section

( 6 ) Design scheme and platform of overall trend of spiral ladder

All landowners starting point end point and transition point convergent problem

( 7 ) Handling of the Special Structure of the Stair

Pet - name ruby its dependence on the surrounding decorations and so on

2. Determine the benchmark. The benchmark of lofting is very important. It is the reference point ( line ) for field measurement of various dimensions and next geometric checking and drawing. In principle, we should first find a space that can take care of as many dimensions as possible, pop up a datum line, and then get other datum lines by making vertical lines. However, due to the confusion of the general construction site, the bullet line is limited not only by the site but also by the time. For architectural decoration, the precision requirement is not too strict, so it is faster and more convenient to use the cylinder, wall, beam, door and window, horizontal plane, etc. of civil engineering as approximate reference, especially when civil engineering is more complex or multi-storey construction is measured, it is more convenient and accurate to use the column as reference. If there is no ideal civil wall or column as the benchmark, pull the wire at the appropriate place and then mark or place a flat object on the ground as the benchmark.

3, measurement should be targeted. First, it is necessary to determine the size of the graphic. In general, the horizontal and vertical dimensions shall be measured according to the determined datum by using the coordinate tracing method. And measure the key dimensions, and be able to draw graphics and guide processing according to the measured dimensions, such as length, width, height, chord length, bow height, arc length, etc. Second, we should consider the technological characteristics of stone processing, carry out necessary splitting and parts division, and reach a consensus with customers.

4. Records. When setting out on site, all drawings are sketches, which are inconvenient to write and require high speed. If you do not pay attention to them, there will be a phenomenon that a certain size does not know which place it refers to, or that the horizontal direction is confused with the vertical direction. It is therefore recommended that:

A. Text direction shall be marked according to the drafting standard format.

B when the size is too large, use local magnification to draw, and do not crowd together many sizes.

C, generally, it is faster and more convenient to record in the form of plan view.

5.control the size error. When measuring, it is better to measure more than one dimension. It seems that the distance between the two ends of the parallel dimension should be measured to determine how big the error of civil works is and how well you know the error of civil works. Attention should be paid to the relationship between the total size and the size of each segment. In general, the error should not exceed 20 RRAN, and on-site review should be carried out to avoid conflicting measurement results and ensure the accuracy of measurement.

6. Reserve the allowance for adaptation. Combined with various decoration methods, the size allowance should be reserved on the basis of measurement. According to the size of the civil engineering error, a certain adjustment allowance is reserved for the stone part; According to the type of touch opening, reserve appropriate trimming allowance and so on.

7. Review. After setting out on site, even if there is no time to draw a regular drawing, at least draw a neat overall drawing to verify the accuracy of each measured dimension so as not to miss the dimension or pen error, otherwise, drawing and processing will not be possible after leaving the site.